Self-Monitoring Scale (SM)
Snyder, M. (1974). Self-monitoring of expressive behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 30(4), 526-537. doi: 10.1037/h0037039
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See also Lennox and Wolfe's (1984) revised
Self-Monitoring Scale.
Description:
Purpose
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The SM was designed to assess self-monitoring, which was defined as "self-observation and self-control guided by situational cues to social appropriateness." Lennox and Wolfe (1984) published a revised Self-Monitoring Scale.
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Questions
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25 items using true/false format
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Sub-scales
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N/A
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Domain
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Psychometrics
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Sample items
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- I find it hard to imitate the behavior of other people. (reverse scored)
- My behavior is usually an expression of my true inner feelings, attitudes, and beliefs.
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References:
Scale
Snyder, M. (1974). Self-monitoring of expressive behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 30(4), 526-537. doi: 10.1037/h0037039
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Selected Uses:
- Ickes, W., & Barnes, R. D. (1977). The role of sex and self-monitoring in unstructured dyadic interactions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35(5), 315-330. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.35.5.315
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- Snyder, M. & Gangestad, S. (1982). Choosing social situations: two investigations of self-monitoring processes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43(1), 123-135. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.43.1.123
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- Friedman, H. S., & Miller-Herringer, T. (1991). Nonverbal display of emotion in public and in private: self-monitoring, personality, and expressive cues. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(5), 766-775. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.61.5.766
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- Turnley, W. H., & Bolino, M. C. (2001). Achieving desired images while avoiding undesired images: exploring the role of self-monitoring in impression management. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(2), 351-360. doi: 10.1037//0021-9010.86.2.351
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- Flynn, Francis J. Reagans, R. E., Amanatullah, E. T., & Ames, D. R. (2006). Helping one's way to the top: self-monitors achieve status by helping others and knowing who helps whom. Journal of Personality and Individual Differences, 91(6), 1123-1137. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.91.6.1123
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