Self-Construal

Singelis, T. M. (1994). The measurement of independent and interdependent self-construals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20(5), 580-591.doi: 10.1177/0146167294205014

	Table of Contents
	Description
	History of Use
	References

Description:

Purpose		The Self-Construal scale was designed to assess self-image. It distinguishes between: Interdependent self-construals emphasize "connectedness and relations" Independent self-construals emphasize "the separateness and uniqueness of the individual"
Questions		24 items using 7-point ratings (1 = strongly disagree to 7 = strongly agree).
Sub-scales		2 sub-scales: Interdependence Independence
Domain
Psychometrics
Sample items		I have respect for the authority figures with whom I interact. (Interdependence) Speaking up during a class is not a problem for me. (Independence)

References:

Scale:

Singelis, T. M. (1994). The measurement of independent and interdependent self-construals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20(5), 580-591.doi: 10.1177/0146167294205014

Selected Uses:

Lee, A. Y., Aaker, J. L., & Gardner, W. L. (2000). The pleasures and pains of distinct self-construals: the role of interdependence in regulatory focus. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(6), 1122-1134. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.78.6.1122

Brockner, J., De Cremer, D., van den Bos, K., & Chen, Y. R. (2005). The influence of interdependent self-construal on procedural fairness effects. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 96(2), 155-167. doi: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2004.11.001

Holmvall, C. M., & Bobocel, D. R. (2008). What fair procedures say about me: Self-construals and reactions to procedural fairness.Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 105(2), 147-168. doi: 10.1016/j.oblidp.2007.09.001

Aaker, J. L., & Lee, A. Y. (2001). "I" seek pleasures and "we" avoid pains: The role of self-regulatory goals in information processing and persuasion. Journal of Consumer Research, 28(1), 33-49. doi: 10.1086/321946

Thunholm, P. (2008). Decision-making styles and physiological correlates of negative stress: Is there a relation?. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 49(3), 213-219. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.2008.00640.x

Gabriel, S., & Gardner, W. L. (1999). Are there "his" and "hers" types of interdependence? The implications of gender differences in collective versus relational interdependence for affect, behavior, and cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(3), 642-655. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.77.3.642

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