Risk Avoidance Scale (RAS), a sub-scale of the Personality/Attitude Schedule (PAS)

Shure, G. H., & Meeker, R. J. (1967). A personality/attitude schedule for use in experimental bargaining studies. Journal of Psychology, 65(2), 233-252.

	Table of Contents
	Description
	History of Use
	References

Description:

Purpose		The PAS was designed to assess various personality traits. The RAS is one subscale within the PAS. The RAS was designed to assess risk preferences, or more precisely risk avoidance, through self-report.
Questions		24 items using 3-point ratings (1 = yes, 2 = undecided, 3 = no)
Sub-scales		Aggressive militarism Conciliation versus belligerence in interpersonal relations Authoritarian nationalism versus egalitarian internationalism Risk avoidance External versus internal control Suspiciousness versus trust
Domain
Psychometrics
Sample items		When you have the money do you like to invest it in business ventures?

References:

Scale:

Shure, G. H., & Meeker, R. J. (1967). A personality/attitude schedule for use in experimental bargaining studies. Journal of Psychology, 65(2), 233-252.

Uses:

Miner, J. B., & Raju, N. S. (2004). Risk propensity differences between managers and entrepreneurs and between low- and high-growth entrepreneurs: A reply in a more conservative vein. [Article]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(1), 3-13. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.89.1.3

Fagley, N. S., & Miller, P. M. (1990). THE EFFECT OF FRAMING ON CHOICE - INTERACTIONS WITH RISK-TAKING PROPENSITY, COGNITIVE-STYLE, AND SEX. [Article]. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 16(3), 496-510. doi: 10.1177/0146167290163008

Ashour, A. S. (1975). INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES IN COALITIONAL BEHAVIOR. [Article]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31(1), 1-6. doi: 10.1037/h0076234

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