Procrastination Assessment Scale for Students (PASS)

Solomon, L. J., & Rothblum, E. D. (1984). Academic procrastination: Frequency and cognitive-behavioral correlates. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31(4), 503-509. doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.31.4.503

	Table of Contents
	Description
	History of Use
	References

Description:

Purpose		The PASS was designed to assess how individuals approach decision situations, specifically the tendency of individuals to postpone decisions.
Questions		44 items using 5-point ratings
Sub-scales		2 sections: Section I: Assessment of the tendency to procrastinate in six academic areas: Writing a term paper Studying for an exam Keeping up with weekly reading assignments Performing administrative tasks Attending meetings Performing academic tasks in general Specifically, participants are asked to rate the degree to which: they procrastinate in that area (1 = never procrastinate to 5 = always procrastinate) procrastination in that area is a problem for them (1 = not at all a problem to 5 = always a problem) they want to decrease their procrastination in that area (1 = do not want to decrease to 5 = definitely want to decrease). Section II: Participants are given a procrastination scenario and asked to identify which of the 13 reasons they would procrastinate in that scenario. Evaluation anxiety Perfectionism Difficulty making decisions Dependency and help seeking Aversiveness of the task and low frustration tolerance Lack of self-confidence Laziness Lack of assertion Fear of success Tendency to feel overwhelmed and poorly manage time Rebellion against control Risk-taking Peer influence
Domain
Psychometrics
Sample items		Given a procrastination scenario, participants are asked how much the 2 evaluation anxiety statements reflect their reasons for procrastinating the last time they were in such a situation. (Section 2) a) You were concerned the professor wouldn't like your work b) You were worried you would get a bad grade.

References:

Scale:

Solomon, L. J., & Rothblum, E. D. (1984). Academic procrastination: Frequency and cognitive-behavioral correlates. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31(4), 503-509. doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.31.4.503

Uses:

Alexander, E. S., & Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2007). Academic procrastination and the role of hope as a coping strategy. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(7), 1301-1310. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2006.10.008

Harrington, N. (2005). It's too difficult! Frustration intolerance beliefs and procrastination. Personality and Individual Differences, 39(5), 873-883. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2004.12.018

Fritzsche, B. A., Young, B. R., & Hickson, K. C. (2003). Individual differences in academic procrastination tendency and writing success. Personality and Individual Differences, 35(7), 1549-1557. doi: 10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00369-0