Proactive Decision Making (PDM)
Description:
Purpose
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The scale is designed to assess the proactive cognitive skills and the proactive personality trains of individuals in decision making.
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Questions
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21 items using 7-point Likert scales (1 = disagree very strongly, 7 = agree very strongly)
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Sub-scales
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Proactive cognitive skills:
1. Systematic identification of objectives (Obj)
2. Systematic search for information (Inf)
3. Systematic identification of alternatives (Alt)
4. Using a 'decision radar' (Rad)
Proactive personality traits:
1. Taking the initiative (Ini)
2. Striving for improvement (Imp)
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Domain
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Decision Approach
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Sample items
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- I usually wait for something to happen rather than taking the initiative myself. (Initiative, reactive)
- I am always looking for better ways to do things. (Improvement)
- I try to be clear about my objectives before choosing. (Objectives)
- I arrived at my answers by assessing only the information in front of me. (Information)
- I excel at identifying opportunities. (Alternatives)
- I thoroughly think about when I make which decision. (Decision Radar)
Full scale
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References:
Scale:
Siebert, Johannes; Kunz, Reinhard. “Developing and Validating the
Multidimensional Proactive Decision-Making Scale”. Special Issue "Behavioral
Operations Research" in European Journal of Operational Research, 249(3) 2016,
864-877. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2015.06.066
Uses:
Siebert, J. U., Kunz, R. E., & Rolf, P. (2020). Effects of proactive decision making on life satisfaction.
European Journal of Operational Research, 280 (3), 1171–1187.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2019.08.011
Siebert, J. U., Kunz, R. E., & Rolf, P. (2021). Effects of decision training on individuals’ decision-making proactivity.
European Journal of Operational Research, 294(1), 264–282.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2021.01.010
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