Intolerance of Ambiguity Scale

Budner, S. (1962). Intolerance of ambiguity as a personality variable. Journal of Personality, 30(1), 29-50. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1962.tb02303.x

	Table of Contents
	Description
	History of Use
	References

Description:

Purpose		The Intolerance of Ambiguity Scale was designed to assess attitude toward ambiguity through a self-report measure. Ambiguous situations were defined as ones which cannot be adequately structured or categorized because of insufficient cues.
Questions		16 items using 7-point ratings (1 = strong disagreement to 7 = strong agreement).
Sub-scales		N/A
Domain
Psychometrics
Sample items		An expert who doesn't come up with a definite answer probably doesn't know too much. It is more fun to tackle a complicated problem than to solve a simple one. (reverse scored)

References:

Scale:

Budner, S. (1962). Intolerance of ambiguity as a personality variable. Journal of Personality, 30(1), 29-50. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1962.tb02303.x

Selected Uses:

Cabantous, L. (2007). Ambiguity aversion in the field of insurance: Insurers' attitude to imprecise and conflicting probability estimates. Theory and Decision, 62(3), 219-240. doi: 10.1007/s11238-006-9015-1

Endres, M. L., Chowdhury, S., & Milner, M. (2009). Ambiguity tolerance and accurate assessment of self-efficacy in a complex decision task. Journal of Management and Organization, 15(1), 31-46.

Gifford, W. E., Bobbitt, H. R., & Slocum, J. W. (1979). Message characteristics and perceptions of uncertainty by organizational decision makers. Academy of Management Journal, 22(3), 458-481.

Ghosh, D., & Ray, M. R. (1992). Risk attitude, ambiguity intolerance and decision-making: An exploratory investigation. Decision Sciences, 23(2), 431-444. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-5915.1992.tb00398.x

Herman, J. L., Stevens, M. J., Bird, A., Mendenhall, M., & Oddou, G. (2010). The Tolerance for Ambiguity Scale: Towards a more refined measure for international management research. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 34(1), 58-65. doi: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2009.09.004

Weber, E. U., Blais, A., & Betz, N. E. (2002). A domain-specific risk-attitude scale: Measuring risk perceptions and risk behaviors. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 15(4), 263-290. doi: 10.1002/bdm.414

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