Heidi Grant
Lehigh University
Stephanie Weinberg
University of Pennsylvania
Scott Parker
American University
Date | Negative source | Vehicle | Magic type | Measure | N | % (N) no effect | chi-square |
Jan 94 | murderer | sweater | contagion | rating | 83 | 18 (15) | r$ ** |
(wear) | $ | 80 | 52 (42) | ||||
similarity | rating | 83 | 33 (28) | r$ * | |||
(label) | $ | 80 | 59 (47) | ||||
Mar 94 | murderer | sweater | contagion | rating | 78 | 23 (18) | r$ * |
(wear) | $ | 84 | 57 (48) | p$ * | |||
preference | 62 | 11 (7) | |||||
similarity | rating | 78 | 30 (23) | r$ * | |||
(label) | $ | 83 | 55 (46) | p$ * | |||
preference | 62 | 36 (22) | |||||
Apr 02 (jury) | murderer | sweater | contagion | rating | 46 | 17 (8) | r$ * |
(wear) | $ | 53 | 66 (35) | ||||
preference | 53 | 13 (7) | p$ * | ||||
similarity | rating | 46 | 24 (11) | r$ * | |||
(label) | $ | 52 | 69 (36) | ||||
preference | 52 | 15 (8) | p$ * | ||||
1996 | murderer | condo | contagion | rating | 36 | 31 (11) | |
(rented) | $ | 29 | 38 (11) | ||||
preference | 38 | 34 (13) | |||||
association | rating | 36 | 31 (11) | ||||
(owned) | $ | 29 | 48 (14) | ||||
preference | 38 | 26 (10) | |||||
tuberculosis | condo | contagion | rating | 32 | 25 (8) | r$ * | |
(rented) | $ | 36 | 61 (22) | p$ * | |||
preference | 30 | 33 (10) | |||||
association | rating | 33 | 82 (27) | ||||
(owned) | $ | 36 | 92 (33) | ||||
preference | 31 | 74 (23) | |||||
This column reports c2 tests of contrasts between pairs of methods: ratings (r), willingness to pay ($), and preference (p). In cases where there are three groups, following on a significant overall chi-square, significant contrasts are tested in accordance with the procedure described in Marascuilo and McSweeney (1977). | |||||||
No effect percentage includes the small number of cases in which the sweater was rated above neutral (5). | |||||||
chi square and contrasts: * p < .05 ** p < .01. | |||||||
All respondents are college students except the April, 2002 jurors. |
Comparison | N | Contagion | Similarity | |||
(l)3-4(l)6-7 | r | # 0/non0 | r | # 0/non0 | ||
disparities | disparities | |||||
Rate-rate | 19 | .61 | 4 | .54 | 4 | |
$-$ | 19 | .89 | 2 | .99 | 3 | |
Rate-$ $-rate | 32 | -.24 | 11 $=0 | -.25 | 8 $=0 | |
0 r=0 | 1 r=0 | |||||
Pref-rate | 15 | .04 | 3 p=0 | -.19 | 5 p=0 | |
0 r=0 | 3 r = 0 | |||||
Pref-$ | 9 | -.25 | 4 $=0 | -.20 | 4 $=0 | |
1 p=0 | 0 p=0 | |||||
Case in which on one of the two (January or March) questionnaires, the subject showed no magical effect. The value, e.g., 11 $=0 indicates that for the rate-$ or $-rate comparisons, there were 11 cases in which there was a magical effect for rating, but the $ response showed no magical effect. |